Family Law Rules on Frauds in Contra Costa County

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Text 2 (B) Civil and Public Law

In many countries a stardom is made between individual (or civil) and public law. Civil police force concerns disputes among citizens within a land, and public constabulary con�cerns disputes between citizens and the country, or between i state and another.

The chief categories of English civil law are:

Law of Contracts; bounden agreements between people (or companies);

Constabulary of Torts: wrongs committed by one individual against another individual's person, property or reputation;

Law of Trusts, arrangements whereby a person administers property for another person's benefit rather than his own Land Law;

Probate Constabulary: arrangements for dealing with holding later on the owner's expiry;

Family Law.

The main categories of public police force are:

Criminal Law: wrongs which, even when committed against an individual, are considered to damage the well-beingness of social club in general;

Ramble Law: regulation of how the law operates and of the relation be�tween private citizen and regime;

International Law: regulation of relations between governments and also be�tween individual citizens of ane state and those of some other.

In codified systems at that place are codes that correspond to these categories, for case, France's Code Civil and Code Penal. Justinian's Roman codes covered such areas of constabulary as contracts, property, inheritance, torts, the family, unjust enrichment, the constabulary of persons, and legal remedies, simply said little virtually criminal law. Conse�quently, most Continental criminal codes are entirely mod inventions.

Almost countries make a rather clear stardom between civil and criminal proce�dures. Although some systems, including the English, allow a private citizen to bring a criminal prosecution against some other citizen, criminal deportment are nearly always started by the country. Civil actions, on the other hand, are unremarkably started by the individuals.

In Anglo-American police force, the party bringing a criminal activity (that is, in nearly cases, the state) is called the prosecution, but the political party bringing a civil action is the plaintiff. In both kinds of activity the other party is known equally the defendant. A criminal case against a person chosen Ms. Brown would be described as "The People vs.(= versus, or confronting) Dark-brown" in the U.s. and "R. (Regina, that is, the Queen) vs. Brown� in England. Simply a ceremonious activity between Ms. Brownish and Mr. White would be �Brown vs. White� if information technology was started by Brown, and �White vs. Brownish� if it was started by Mr. White.

NOTES:

Family Police - �� .

Police force of Contracts - �� ;

Law of Torts - �� ;

Law of Trusts - �� , ��

Probate Law - ��

Criminal Law - ��

Constitutional Police - ��

International Law - ��

Text 2 (C) Constitutional Law

We considered how the country regulates the behavior of individuals in society by providing rules to exist obeyed (criminal law) and procedures for them to solve disputes among each other (civil police). There are also laws which enable citizens to take legal action confronting the state - against, for example, a public authority or even against the government itself. These deportment are function of ramble constabulary.

As knowledge of the law has increased among the general public, so have the number and range of constitutional law cases. In 1991, an unmarried couple complained in the Tokyo District Court that it was unconstitutional for the local say-so to register their girl equally illegitimate. They said this could lead to discrimination and was confronting the equality of individuals guaranteed in the Japanese Constitution.

A constitution is the political and ideological construction inside which a system of laws operates. Most countries take a formal written Constitution describing how laws are to be fabricated and enforced. The French Constitution, for instance, sets a seven year term of function for the president; the U.S. constitution sets a four �ear term. In Switzerland, a referendum (national vote) must exist held on any issue for which a petition signed past 10,000 people has been gathered; in Republic of ireland, referenda are to exist used only in the case of changes in the constitution itself. In Germany, a change in the constitution requires a special majority vote in parliament, not the unproblematic bulk necessary for other laws. Many other countries put the constitution above other laws by making it hard to change.

1 of the reasons for having special constitutional laws is to prevent governments from becoming too powerful and from interfering too much in the lives of individuals.

Equally a check, upon overpowerful government most modern constitutions accept adopted the principle of separation of powers, developed in the xviii^th century by the French political philosopher Montesquieu.

Montesquieu argued that the functions of the country could be divided into policy formulation and direction (executive), � lawmaking (legislative), and estimation and awarding of the law (judicial). To stop governments from condign as well powerful these functions should be carried out by split up institutions, and at that place should be a rest between them. In the U.s., for example, the president (executive) is elected by the people and attempts to comport out his policy promises through a presidential office of advisers. The Constitution gives him many important powers, such as control of the armed forces and appointment of Supreme Court justices, but many of his decisions and all new legislation must be canonical past a majority in Congress (legislature), which is besides elected by the people. Many presi�dents take had of import policies blocked past Congress. The Supreme Courtroom (judi�ciary) has the task of interpreting laws which have been disputed in lower courts, and of deciding whether a law passed by Congress or by one of the private states is in keeping with the Constitution.

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ane. �� . �� -�� -�� . �� . ��: volition be said � Future SimplePassive. � �� (B) �� .

�). 1. The doctrine of judicial review is the heart of the concept of separation of powers. 2. Local officials are reminding people to obey the police and not sell fireworks to children under sixteen. 3. I just assumed that life was fair but of grade in that location�s no justice in this life. iv. Continental systems are sometimes known as codified legal systems.

B). 1. The good supposes that both crimes might have been committed by the same person. 2. All institutions of Police force of Contracts of England developed mainly due to the courtroom do. iii. The communication of your solicitor should not be ignored. iv. The approximate volition take been appointed by the beginning of the trial. 5. The Scots proclaimed James Stuart as the legitimate heir to the British throne. 6. The Parliament had been dissolved before the general election. seven. Today his entreatment has been rejected past the college court. viii. All marks of identification had non been destroyed; the investigation was in progress ix. It means that the contractor has the right to sue, i.east. the agreement is binding in police force. 10. When the policemen were in the room, an envelope was brought to the possessor of the room.

�� ; �� Participle I, Participle II � �� , �.�. ��, �� , �� -��. �� .

1. The information provided by him is very reliable. 2. Returning dwelling house he was arrested. iii. They reached the scene of crime deserted by the criminals. 4. The jury are reaching the verdict. 5. The wounded man jump his cut with a piece of cloth.

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